Jinnahs Vision of Pakistan and our Success to realize it Essay Example for Free

Jinnahs Vision of Pakistan and our Success to realize it Essay There is not much debate or even concern about what was the vision of the founders of Pakistan. What type of state they had in mind when they struggled of an independent country that we call our homeland, Pakistan? In answering this question, we will assess whether or not we have been driven by that vision and how we have shaped our system of governance. The Muslim intellectuals, thinkers and social reformers that contributed to the idea of Muslims being a separate political category in India were essentially modernist, rationalist Muslims. They wanted the Muslims to acquire knowledge of new sciences and empower themselves economically and politically. Their central objective was rights of the Muslims and their share in power under the British colonial system. They understood how the world had changed, and accordingly they thought the best tools for Muslim empowerment were modernity, education, politics of rights and peaceful struggle for accommodation of their interests. Jinnah and many other leaders of the Muslim communities in the subcontinent were products of post-reissuance modern world. Unlike European modernists all varieties of nationalists in the colonial world had more difficult task of building a modern nation in a traditional, Islamic cultural climate. The question then and now for modernists is how to reconcile modernity with religion and social structures. Muslim modernists from Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to Jinnah wanted modem education, science and technology and political forms and institutions without offending religion. Jinnahs vision of Pakistan in this respect has four salient points. We can judge where does Pakistan stand today in the light of these four ideas. 1: Constitutionalism First and foremost, Jinnah was quintessential a constitutionalist. The term and its underlying philosophy is so foreign to our rulers that they have really disabled themselves intellectually to seek guidance from him. What it really means in modern political theory is that a civilized system of governance must function within the boundaries of laws. There must be limits on the exercise of power which is primarily meant to serve national and public interest. This is one of the central themes of philosophical debates that have defined the system of state and the relations between political authority and the society during the past three hundred years or so. Jinnah had thoroughly and profoundly internalized constitutionalism at a very young age and this defined all his politics in his long career. Actually constitutionalism is what separates the pre-modern and the modern world system. It gives dignity to human beings in rooting the ideas of freedom, civil rights and social capacity to force the government to stay within the limits of laws. 2: Supremacy of law and independence of judiciary. Philosophically as well as in practical politics these are basic norms of good society and good politics. Jinnahs political orientation and practical life were perfect reflection of these two ideas of the modern world. Let us not forget that Jinnah was one the most distinguished, outstanding and powerful defender of rule of law and independence of judiciary. These two institutions are intertwined. It would be absurd to think of rule of law without the independence of judiciary, Building one of these institutions independently is not possible. They grow together; the development of one strengthens the other. 3: Personal liberties and freedoms These constitute third important flank of Jinnahs political ideology. His political struggle first at the platform of the Indian National Congress for home rule, independence and rights of minorities, and later on throughout the Pakistan movement was based on universal human instincts of freedoms and civil rights. It would be unconceivable in any situation that the battle for national independence could be fought without the recognizing individuals right to make their own choices. This is an important notion that transforms them from subjects of a colonial administration to a citizen of a modern nation state. 4: Representative Democratic Government. The ideas we have briefly mentioned above give rise to the representative government, another facet of Jinnahs political philosophy. Such a government is in our view a defining characteristic of the modem form of authority. It answers some fundamental questions about how political power in a society like Pakistan is to be organized, and for what purposes to be exercised in modern times. Jinnah couldnt think of any other system for Pakistan except a constitutional, democratic government. Have we succeeded in realization of Jinnah’s Vision? How do we measure up to some of these basic political principles of Jinnah today? We have mixed record at best on shaping Pakistan according to Jinnahs ideas. We have elected governments at the moment and we had had them before. But many a times we disrupted growth of democracy. For that reason, the checks and balance system among the institutions of the state remains troubled and respect for constitutionalism weak. We have not sufficiently debated the reasons for repeated deviation from the constitutionalist principles and rule of law tradition of our founders. We know they are too many, as no single factor can explain it sufficiently. They are essentially rooted in stubborn feudalistic culture, class character of the ruling classes and an alliance between the electoral elites and the rulers in the past. Contrarily, people at large and the rising middle classes of Pakistan and even a large section of political groups have struggled for democracy, which as a political system is manifestation of the political vision of Jinnah. Against all the problems we have today, they want democracy in substantive terms because the procedural or electoral democracy has turned the system into personalized, autocratic form. It is why it is not fully alive to the problems of the people or responsive enough to the needs of the society. In my view, we face multiple challenges of bad governance, political confrontations and terrorism because we have not shaped our state and political institutions, including the political parties, according to the modernist, liberal vision of Jinnah. In these times of rising despair and despondency, we can set Pakistan on the course of stability and development by embracing ideas and vision of Jinnah, which in nutshell are; liberal democratic state of Pakistan.

Child Development Essay -- Parenting Raising Children

Final Draft Throughout the world, it can be seen that members of different cultures raise their children in such a way that they can be productive as a responsible, mature members of society. It is the parents' responsibility to mold them into a productive individual. Parents often try to shape the child into what they believe is best for that child. Sometimes, the children's development does not conform to the ideals of other cultures. It can also be seen that gender plays a big role in the development of these children. The years in which children learn to be aggressive, or not, is prior to the age of five. I will try and associate the factors of aggressiveness and child development to portray whether or not it influences the aggressiveness of that culture. First of all, a definition of the variables to be discussed is at hand. In defining aggression, we run into problems with the cross-cultural variations between cultures. A positivist approach considers actions that cause harm to another--for example, murder or punches--to be clear examples of aggression in any cultural context. The relativist on the other hand tends to think on terms of the cultural or situational context of actions. Certain actions may not be actually aggressive but viewed in a different /way /nature/. For example, when punches are thrown in horseplay, they are restrained in their severity. Therefore, they are not aggressive in nature. When employing aggressiveness, different venues are often used in the face of social conflict. These strategies include verbal insults or physical abuse, like murder or assault. Whether or not an individual chooses to be direct or indirect/,/ depends on their preference. One may choose the direct approach and co... ...n is that they may have impossible expectations of their children. They have a tendency to live their lives through their children and push them too far. Also, the child is defiant or constantly demanding in their eyes. They have strong urges to hurt and may have acted on those urges to some extent. Conflicts arise with parents throughout life. It is important to learn to deal with these conflicts in a manner that is acceptable to the society. From the day a child is born up until puberty, a child is close with at least one if not both of the parents. Conflicts usually start during the twelve to seventeen year old period. A separation from the parents in the form of friends being more important than them promotes and is even catalytic in conflict confrontations. These confrontations range from a quiet withdrawal from the parent to raging arguments on every issue.

Deception in Shakespeare’s MacBeth Essay

‘Your hand, your tongue: look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t.’ (Shakespeare 1.5. 64-66) Throughout Shakespeare’s Macbeth, things are not always as they seem. Deception in this play is always present, especially with the main characters – Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is the most skilled at persuading others, especially her husband, into believe things that are not true. The above quote, spoken by Lady Macbeth to her husband, shows exactly how manipulative and deceiving she can be. She is telling Macbeth to look and act pure, but to be evil inside. Macbeth, evidently led by his wife, but also by his own ambitions, is likewise guilty of deception. He deceives his best friend Banquo, King Duncan, as well as his public. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth also try to use denial and rationalization to deceive themselves. This self-deception leads to grave circumstances for them both. Macbeth is forced into further and further lies, making life difficult and unbearable. Lady Macbeth is also caught in the depths of deception and eventually kills herself. Therefore, it is obvious that the main characters of Shakespeare’s Macbeth are all negatively affected by the recurring theme of deception. Throughout the play, Lady Macbeth uses her ability to mislead others in many ways. First of all, she decides to use deception to push her husband’s ambition to be king. †¦Hie thee hither, that I may pour my spirits in thine ear, and chastise with the valour of my tongue all that impedes thee from the golden round†¦(1.5.25-28) Lady Macbeth believes that, to be successful in his ambitions, Macbeth must rise above his goodness and accept her evil ways. She knows that the process of making her husband believe what she wants may not be easy. Lady Macbeth has to be cunning, and she is up for the challenge. The thought of being in power – the King and Queen of Scotland – drives her and she cannot be stopped. Lady Macbeth often has to reinforce her immoral beliefs to her husband, giving him a boost. Was the hope drunk, wherein you dressed yourself? hath it slept since, and  wakes it now, to look so green and pale at what it did so freely? From this time such I account thy love. Art thou afeard to be the same in thine own act and valour, as thou art desire? Wouldst thous have that which thou esteem’st the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem, letting ‘I dare not’ wait upon ‘I would,’ Like the poor cat I’the adage?'(1.7.35-42) Lady Macbeth implies that Macbeth is being cowardly by not going after what he wants. She preys upon her husband’s pride to remind him of his ambitions. Once she has schooled her husband in the art of deception, she must help him uphold this image and the lies. This deceit always results in hazardous outcomes. Although Lady Macbeth is the most talented deceiver, Macbeth is also lead into committing his own deceptions. He begins to learn from his wife, and, in turn, proceeds to deceive many others. Deceiving his friends becomes a frequent habit, and Macbeth is forced to continue his lies and stories. Do not muse at me, my most worthy friends; I have a strange  infirmity, which is nothing to those that know me. Come, love  and health to all; then I’ll sit down. – Give me some wine: fill  full: – I drink to the general joy of the whole table, and to our  dear friend Banquo, whom we miss; would he were here. (3.4.84-91) This falsehood is evident, as Macbeth is trying to fool his dinner guests about the reasons for his strange behaviour. Pretending that everything is fine eventually does not work, and as the play continues, so does the deception on many different levels. Deceiving others may seem difficult, but deceiving oneself leads to even bigger problems. Lady Macbeth is so occupied with trying to mislead others,  while rationalizing the deception to herself and her husband, that she does not notice how much the guilt is building. She finally gets so caught up in the deception game, that she cannot take it anymore. Lady Macbeth’s worry that people are no longer falling for their deceptive ways, comes out in one of her mad ramblings in front of the doctor: ‘†¦What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account?'(5.1.35-37). Though she is trying to be bold, saying that she does not care who knows what they have done, the statement proves that she does fear being detected. In the end, Lady Macbeth’s guilt over all of the lies gets the better of her. She goes mad, sleepwalking and rambling about the murders. ‘Wash your hands, put on your night-gown; look not so pale. – I tell you yet again, Banquo’s buried: he cannot come out on’s grave.'(5.1.58-60) The deception that Lady Macbeth once prided herself on, lead to the self-deception, which then lead to her death when she committed suicide. Macbeth is also in over his head, and his mind starts to play tricks on him on more than one occasion: Is this a dagger I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come let me clutch thee: I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.(2.1.33-36) †¦art thou but a dagger of the mind, a false creation, proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?(2.1.37-39) Macbeth’s state of mind is not that of a normal man. He is trying so hard to go against his nature, convincing himself that deception is the only way to be King. The deceit does take its toll: ‘O! full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife!'(3.2.36) Macbeth becomes imprisoned by his illusions caused by the build up of denial and self-deception. Banquo’s ghost is an example of these illusions. ‘†¦Take any shape but that [Banquo’s] and my firm nerves shall never tremble: or , be alive again†¦'(3.4.103-104) Macbeth’s inner struggle is coming out and, because his mind is in such a state, he can no longer control his behavior. Like his wife, Macbeth’s own inner deception has made him crazy. Macbeth goes from being a noble warrior with honest ambition, to someone that cannot even control his own thoughts anymore, due  to all of the deception. From the end results of the play, we can clearly see how deception ruins lives. Shakespeare shows the audience that misleading others – and oneself, is not honorable nor the way to get ahead. Lady Macbeth’s ability to seduce her husband into having immoral thoughts, leading to immoral actions to gain power, does not pay off. Macbeth’s learned evilness and deception also affects him negatively, and the quest to be king is tragic. Self-deception is the worst kind of deceit, as we can see that the guilt becomes overwhelming, causing insanity. Evil deception of any kind is clearly harmful and a valid moral lesson can be taken from this play. BIBLIOGRAPHY Shakespeare, William. MACBETH. England: Longman Group UK Limited, 1986.

Swot Health Care and Community South Medical Essay

Running head: S.W.O.T S.W.O.T. Situational Planning Strategy Lisa Martinez HCA 340 Managing in Health Human Services Instructor: Ken Feifer Date: Feb, 18, 2013 S.W.O.T S.W.O.T Situational Planning Strategy â€Å"SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. By definition, Strengths (S) and Weaknesses (W) are considered to be internal factors over which you have some measure of control. Also, by definition, Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) are considered to be external factors over which you have essentially no control. SWOT Analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Its key purpose to†¦show more content†¦I will also describe how each of these correlate to the overarching issues confronting Community South Medical Center. As the C.E.O., I will also make a decision about the issues confronting Community South Medical Center and do I wait another year or take care of issues now? I will discuss the management team and their responsibilities and I will discuss some of the market trends I can identify in this area and how might they affect Community South Medica l Center. First of all, as the C.E.O. of the organization, I strongly feel that one of the needs of the Community South Medical Center is the shortage of clinical staff including registered nurses, respiratory therapists, and medical technologists. One of the strengths that this organization has is it has a positive bottom line and is striving to enhance health services for the population it serves. Right now, the population is predominantly elderly people. One of the weaknesses would be that the patient care mix has shifted in the last three years and its reimbursement source is currently: 25% Medicaid (up 20%); 35% Medicare (down 12%); 25% employer sponsored health insurance(unchanged), 8% managed care (down 20%), 4% private pay (unchanged) and 4% no-pay (up 25%). One opportunity for this need is to keep supporting new program developments because there is an abundantShow MoreRelatedSwot - Community South Medical Center Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategic planning must t ake place. Particularly in the health care field it has proven to be beneficial in evaluating alternative steps and establishing goals for the future (Buchbinder Shanks, 2012, p. 78). A strategic plan is a process by which managers develop a carefully devised plan of action to achieve the goals of the organization. For example the mission of the Community South Medical Center is to enhance their health services for the population it serves. Essentially sinceRead MoreCommunity South Medical Center1432 Words   |  6 PagesMarilyn Summers-Stephens HCA 340 Managing in Health amp; Human Services Instructor: Rhonda Travland June 25, 2012 I think the strategic mission should be revised. The Medical Center is in an older urban area with smaller shops and businesses. The community is trending towards a predominantly elder population. There has also been a decline in compliance with T.J.C. standards. Staffing supports new program development and the physician staff is in abundant supply. There are also majorRead MoreCommunity South Medical Center1412 Words   |  6 Pagesoften necessitate change to ensure that the organization is performing at peak level, while offering the most beneficial and quality services to consumers. Case Study The Community South Medical Center, a large urban profit-based health center, is equipped to deal with many comprehensive health care issues. 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Oppression in Sinclairs The Jungle and Steinbecks The...

Oppression in Sinclairs The Jungle and Steinbecks The Grapes Of Wrath In The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, and The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, the characters are forced with economic, social, and political problems that they must cope with throughout the story. Both books are similar in that they emphasize that in this country, one simply cannot win unless they play by nature’s rules. The economic problems of both stories were great. Jurgis (The Jungle) wishes to go to America to get rich. Buying a house stresses the whole idea of animals to have something that is theirs. This is also shown with the Joads. They go to California in search of money and something of their own as well. Both, however, are faced with strong†¦show more content†¦There was also no set wages. They could pay them as little or as much as they wanted to. The Joads had a very similar situation that is complicated by the Great Depression. People took advantage of the fact that they were desperate for work by paying them pocket change. Socially, there is one thing that both of them are looking for; that is acceptance. No matter where they went, they were discriminated against. In Chicago, Jurgis and his â€Å"people† are preyed upon by the higher classes because they are new to this country. They do not have the â€Å"know all† that the other Americans have. For this reason, the disreputable executives of Packingtown use them to better themselves. For example, Phil Connor uses poor Ona for his own sexual pleasure. Fair†¦ I think not. Politics are a great part of both novels, but specifically plague The Jungle. Each novel emphasizes that no matter how hard you try you can’t succeed unless you are unjust. It is known that both Steinbeck and Sinclair were Socialists. Their writings strongly emphasize this in that they stress they stress the demeaning of capitalism. In The Jungle, Sinclair does not mention any benefits of a capitalistic society. An example of this is Jurgis’ continuous struggle as the working man, and harmony in being a selfish and deceitful swindler. In conclusion, our two authors give a vivid picture of ourShow MoreRelated Exposing Capitalism in Upton Sinclairs The Jungle Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesExposing Capitalism in The Jungle      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the works of Upton Sinclair are not widely read today because of their primacy of social change rather than aesthetic pleasure, works like The Jungle are important to understand in relation to the society that produced them.   Sinclair was considered a part of the muckraking era, an era when social critics observed all that was wrong and corrupt in business and politics and responded against it.   The Jungle was written primarily as a harsh indictment

Shortcomings of International Regimes Essay - 1576 Words

Shortcomings of International Regimes International regimes are overloaded with high expectations to address rising conflicts caused by major actors in international relations. Their relative universality in comparison to domestic governance leads to state dependence on international organizations, law, and norms to combat the surmountable power of major actors to shape world politics. Although regimes possess the potential to shape the actions of and constrain major actors in international politics, they are limited in their ability to truly do so. The shortcoming of their power lies in the inability to enforce established agendas and the lack of tangible incentives for nations to comply with the standards and regulations that such†¦show more content†¦However, liberal institutionalism negates to consider that major actors commonly only have interest in relative gains rather than absolute gains. Although cooperation does create a more efficacious environment for negotiations, international cooperation and approval have proved superfluous in at least the initial stages of pursuing national interest, as recently demonstrated by Nigeria’s anti-homosexual agenda. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan’s mandate that sentences same-sex couples to a 14-year prison term—and does nothing to combat the torture of citizens who have acted against the legislation—demands a response as it directly violates â€Å"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights† as well as international ethics. So far the United States has merely threatened sanctions and the United Nations has approved a non-binding resolution stating that Nigeria has violated an accord on human rights (Stack). The absence of concern expressed by Nigerian authorities when they act against accordance of national regimes exemplifies the lack of enforcement mechanisms that international institutions have. 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Fatherly Advice free essay sample

The warmth of tears streaming down my face was almost comforting, butthe news that I had received surely was not. I never expected to have my life to be turned upside down with one bit of crucial information. Not once did I envision that my dad would be diagnosed with a neuromuscular disease. My dad cannot walk without pain radiating through his body. Nor can he ever take a deep breath again, but he does not let this stop him. Given my young age, I did not fully understand the situation at the time of his diagnosis. I was engulfed in my seemingly perfect childhood years without a worry in the world. Sadly, that all changed when my dad’s body started to slowly deteriorate. He could no longer keep up with my siblings and I due to his muscles becoming damaged gradually overtime. The more time that had passed, the worse his condition became. We will write a custom essay sample on Fatherly Advice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To this day, my father continues to press forward in his profession to support my family despite the simplest tasks being almost unbearable for him. Although my father cannot walk well, he still has not given up on trying to do simple everyday things. Most fathers can do yard work and still go about their day, but the same cannot be said for mine. If my dad did not have this disease, I would not be so experienced in many different things. I am my dad’s hands, his legs, but most of all, his muscles. My father is the source of most of the information that consumes my thoughts on a daily basis. He is the brain as I am the body. This has helped me learn to take orders while being able to execute them efficiently. He becomes out of breath simply from walking from one side of the room to the other, but he does not let that stop him. He is the most determined human being I have ever had the pleasure of being around. My dad had a one in four chance of having his disease, Pompe. Both of his parents were carriers for it and they ended up having four children. Due to this disease being genetic, my parents had tests run on my brother, sister and I to see if we had it. Surprisingly, I did not find myself worried whether I had the disease or not because my dad does not let it control his life. When the results did come in, the doctor had told us that none of us had the disease. However, all three of us are carriers of the disease. If one of our spouses are also a carrier for the same disease, there is a one in four chance in our children having Pompe. I will not let this treacherous possibility stop me from achieving my many goals in life. I will be ready for what is to come in my future thanks to my father. He has taught me that the only way to succeed in life is through determination. Although the disease does not affect me physically, it has prepared me mentally for the trials that are to come for my future. If my dad can live with a disease while managing daily life,I can fight any battle that may come my way.